Everything about Ivan Fyodorov Printer totally explained
Ivan Fedorov (later changed to Fedorovych) (Ива́н Фёдоров, ) (born around
1510, died
December 14,
1583 in
Lviv), was one of the fathers (meaning
Belarusian Francysk Skaryna) of
Russian and
Ukrainian printing. He was also a master
cannon maker and the inventor of a
multibarreled mortar.
In
1532 he graduated from
Jagiellonian University with
bachelor degree.
In
1564–5 Fedorov and the Belarusian
P. Mstsislavets published in
Moscow several liturgical works in
Church Slavonic. This technical innovation created competition for the Muscovite scribes, who persecuted Fedorov and Mstsislavets and finally caused them to flee to the
Grand Duchy of Lithuania. There they were received by the
Great Lithuanian Hetman H. Khodkevych at his estate in
Zabłudów (Zabludiv) (northern
Podlachia), where they published Ievanheliie uchytel’noie (
Didactic Gospel,
1569) (see Zabłudów Gospel) and Psaltyr’ (
Psalter,
1570). In Zabłudów, Fedorov changed his surname from Fedorov to Fedorovych. He moved to
Lviv in
1572 and resumed his work as a printer the following year at the Saint Onuphrius Monastery (see Saint Onuphrius's Church and Monastery). (Fedorovych's tombstone in Lviv is inscribed ‘drukovanie zanedbanoe vobnov[yl]’ [renewedneglected printing].) In 1574 Fedorovych, with the help of his son and Hryn Ivanovych of Zabłudów published the second edition of the Apostolos (originally published in Moscow), with an autobiographical epilogue, and Azbuka (
Alphabet book). Fedorovych was known as the ‘Muscovite printer’ or Iwan Moschus (
Ivan the Muscovite) in Lviv, a name used more to identify his place of origin than his nationality. In 1575 Fedorovych, in the service of Prince
Kostiantyn Ostrozky, was placed in charge of the Derman Monastery; in 1577–9 he established the Ostrih Press, where, in 1581, he published the
Ostrog Bible and a number of other books. Fedorovych returned to Lviv after a quarrel with Prince Kostiantyn Ostrozky, but his attempt to reopen his printing shop was unsuccessful. His printery became the property of the Lviv Dormition Brotherhood (later the Stauropegion Institute). The brotherhood used Fedorovych's original designs until the early 19th century.
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